Judul PI :
Pembuatan website e-commerce bunga buket jansflo
An e-commerce site for gift flower arrangements
that fit kansei and social manners
Abstract :
Purpose – Gift flowers should be chosen
to depict a message with the sender’s kansei and are bound by nature of flowers
and social manners, to maintain social relationship between the sender and the
recipient. Few buyers, but most florists, have expert knowledge of the flowering
time, scent, price, and nature of each flower, and are experts in
arranging flowers that meet a given purpose. The purpose of this paper is to incorporate handling constraints
into the inference process of a kansei
engineering system. Design/methodology/approach – The paper collected the
expert knowledge concerning nature of flowers, composing flower arrangements
and social manners on gifts from specialists of flower arrangements including a
florist and special books. At the same time, kansei
evaluation experiments on the kinds of flowers
and colors were conducted. The expertise and the results of kansei experiments were organized into a flower
database and inference rules for choice of a main flower, arrangement shapes
and combination flowers. The rules were implemented as server-side programs.
Users input information about the recipient, purpose of the arrangement and
purchase information using a web browser. The system outputs a solution; a list
of main flowers, combination flowers, greens and the shape of arrangement.
Findings – Traditional
kansei engineering studies
revealed the relationships
between design elements and kansei with developing new analyzing methods. Different
constraints come into the actual product
design and manufacturing should be integrated with findings obtained from the kansei evaluation to successfully utilize kansei engineering for product development.
Practical implications – The inference rules will be able to
tell the reasons for choosing the main- and combination flowers and arrangement
shapes to satisfy the customers.
Originality/value – The proposed system suggests the
original arrangement of flowers unlike most online florists selling ready-made
arrangements. The paper shows a solution to incorporate different constraints
underlying in a real production process into the inference process based on the
result of kansei analysis.
Keywords Electronic commerce, Social values, Culture,
Botany, Horticulture, Japan
Paper type Research paper
Introduction
We give people flowers on special
occasions. For example, we give vases of field flowers to family members on
their birthdays or passionate flowers to our lovers. Flowers are chosen to
depict a message with the sender’s kansei (Japanese
word that means sense, feeling, or emotion) and are bound by social manners.
For example, flowers with strong smell may not be good for hospital visit,
cheap flowers may be out of a festive gathering, passionate flowers presented
for a boss might make him be embarrassed, and there are much more local customs
(see, e.g. Iwashita and Ito, 2005 for Japanese gift manners). Few buyers, but
most florists, have expert knowledge of the flowering time, scent, price, and
nature of each flower, and are experts in arranging flowers that meet a given
purpose. Typically, a florist infers an acceptable solution after obtaining
information from the customer.
This study sought to incorporate
handling constraints into the inference process of a kansei engineering system. Traditional kansei engineering studies revealed the relationships between
design elements and kansei with developing new analyzing
methods (for example, Nagamachi, 1991, 1995; Ishihara et al., 1995, 1999). Different constraints come into the actual
product design and manufacturing should be integrated with findings obtained
from the kansei evaluation to successfully utilize kansei engineering for product development. In the early kansei engineering studies, for example FAIMS (Nagamachi, 1991),
on garment design, the researchers tried to incorporate the design constraints
into the inference process. We describe our e-commerce site in this paper as a
solution for proposing gift flower arrangements suiting the purchaser’s needs
according to the integration of results of kansei
evaluation and expertise of florists.
The proposed system deals with
flower arrangements using foams in containers. That kind of flower arrangements
become appreciated in Japan, because the recipients have no need for preparing
vases nor keeping in case of potted plants (Iwashita and Ito, 2005). A
purchaser inputs data such as the purpose of the present, relationship with the
recipient, and budget. The system receives the data and then retrieves suitable
flowers from the database according to the results of a kansei evaluation and social constraints. Then the system displays
a list of possible flowers and types of arrangements.
Flower arrangement expertise
A general procedure was used to
select the main flower, determine the final shape of the arrangement, and then to
choose other flowers with suitable colors and shapes.
Development of the flower database
The name, type, color, unit price,
ease of scattering, and flowering time of each flower were included in the
database.
Shape of the arrangement
The system considers five
American-style shapes: round, triangular, diamond, fan, and
spray. Each type has three sizes:
large, medium, and small.
An appropriateness degree is
assigned to each shape using an integer value of [ 2 10, 10] according to the
purpose of the arrangements. The type of flower included is also restricted by
the shape of the arrangement. A round arrangement is made by putting flowers
together to form a ball. It consists mostly of mass flowers with few line
flowers. A triangle shape is made from the straight forms of line flowers while
filler flowers are used to make little triangles inside the arrangement to give
a solid appearance. The height of a diamond arrangement is suppressed and the
flowers extend sideways. Mass, filler and form flowers are mainly used with few
line flowers. A fan arrangement is a large design that projects the stalks
radially from the center of a round arrangement. Line flowers are necessary to
make this shape. It is usually a very large arrangement that cannot be carried
by hand. A spray-shaped arrangement looks as if a bouquet is being laid down on
the container. Mass and form flowers are mainly used for this type of arrangement
Algorithm
When
the buyer inputs data through the Web browser and sends them to the server, the
system determines the main flower, type of arrangement, combined flowers, and
greens added, in this order, according to the expertise and inference rules
described above. After that, the system processes the output data for display
on the web browser. We do not consider the wrapping process, which is performed
by an actual florist. Snapshots of the screen are shown in Figure 5.
Conclusions
We proposed an inference system to
integrate kansei engineering based on flower
evaluation tests and constraints of gift flower arrangements. The output
arrangements were approved by the assessment participants, who had experience
presenting flowers. This study provides a means to develop an e-commerce site
that will propose products to satisfy the buyers’ needs, while most current
online shops merely allow buyers to choose ready-made goods.
References
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Further reading
Nagamachi, M. (1995), “Kansei engineering: a new ergonomic customer-oriented technology
for product development”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 3-11.
Soudo-Shuppan (2002), Hana-zukan [Kiribana], Soudo Hana-zukan siri-zu,
zouho kaitei-ban,
rev ed., (Picture book of
flowers [Cut flowers], Soudo Picture Book of Flowers Series), Soudo-Shuppan, Tokyo (in
Japanese).
Corresponding author
Keiko Ishihara can be contacted at:
k-ishiha@he.hirokoku-u.ac.jp
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